Spain - A Country Study

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Country Profile GEOGRAPHY SOCIETY ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS NATIONAL SECURITY Introduction Chapter 1. Historical Setting IBERIA HISPANIA AL ANDALUS CASTILE AND ARAGON THE GOLDEN AGE Charles V and Philip II Spain in Decline BOURBON SPAIN War of the Spanish Succession The Enlightenment The Napoleonic Era THE LIBERAL ASCENDANCY Rule by Pronunciamiento Liberal Rule THE CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY The Cuban Disaster and the "Generation of 1898" The African War and the Authoritarian Regime of Miguel Primo de Rivera REPUBLICAN SPAIN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR THE FRANCO YEARS Franco's Political System Policies, Programs, and Growing Popular Unrest Foreign Policy under Franco THE POST-FRANCO ERA Disenchantment with UCD Leadership Growth of the PSOE and the 1982 Elections Spanish Foreign Policy in the Post-Franco Period Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment GEOGRAPHY External Boundaries and Landform Regions The Meseta Central and Associated Mountains Other Mountainous Regions Lowland Regions The Islands Drainage Climate POPULATION Size and Growth Regional Disparities Migration ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGE Government Policies The Catalans The Galicians The Basques The Andalusians The Gypsies SOCIAL STRATIFICATION SOCIAL VALUES AND ATTITUDES RELIGION EDUCATION Primary and Secondary Education Higher Education HEALTH AND WELFARE Health Conditions and Mortality Public Safety and Environmental Problems Housing Government Health and Welfare Programs Chapter 3. The Economy CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY The Franco Era, 1939-75 The Post-Franco Period, 1975-1980s ROLE OF GOVERNMENT Economic Ministries Budget and Fiscal Policy HUMAN RESOURCES The Unemployment Problem The Underground Economy Labor Relations in the Franco Era Labor Relations in the Post-Franco Period AGRICULTURE Agricultural Development Regional Variation Crops Livestock Forestry Fisheries Food Processing INDUSTRY Regional Concentration National Industrial Institute Manufacturing Automobile Assembly Shipbuilding Chemical Industry Textiles and Footwear Construction Mining ENERGY Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Electricity SERVICES Banking Stock Market Exchanges Transportation and Communications Tourism FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS Trading Partners Foreign Investment Spain and the European Community Chapter 4. Government and Politics CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM The 1978 Constitution Electoral System GOVERNMENT The Cortes The King, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers The Judiciary Regional Government Local Government Civil Service POLITICS Political Developments, 1982-88 Political Parties Spanish Socialist Workers' Party Communist Party of Spain Popular Alliance Democratic and Social Center Other National Parties Regional Parties Political Interest Groups Labor Business Roman Catholic Church Opus Dei Military Mass Communications Radio and Television FOREIGN RELATIONS Spain and the European Community Spain and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Spain and the United States Spain and Latin America Gibraltar, Ceuta, and Melilla Spain and the Middle East Spain and the Soviet Union Spain and France Chapter 5. National Security THE MILITARY IN NATIONAL LIFE Historical Role of the Armed Forces The Civil War and its Aftermath The Military in Political Life The Military in Society EXTERNAL SECURITY PERCEPTIONS AND POLICIES JURISDICTION OVER NATIONAL DEFENSE MILITARY COMMANDS AND ORGANIZATION Army Spanish Legion Equipment Navy Air Force Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia SOURCES AND QUALITY OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MILITARY JUSTICE THE DEFENSE BUDGET DEFENSE PRODUCTION PARTICIPATION IN NATO MILITARY COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY The Police System The Civil Guard The National Police Corps Other Police Forces Intelligence Services Criminal Justice and the Penal System Threats to Internal Security

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