Syria - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • Country Profile
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • ANCIENT SYRIA
  • MUSLIM EMPIRES
  • Umayyad Caliphate
  • Succeeding Caliphates and Kingdoms
  • Ottoman Empire
  • WORLD WAR I AND ARAB NATIONALISM
  • THE FRENCH MANDATE
  • WORLD WAR II AND INDEPENDENCE
  • AFTER INDEPENDENCE
  • Shishakli Dictatorship
  • Radical Political Influence
  • United Arab Republic
  • Coups and Countercoups, 1961-70
  • Neo-Baath Dominance, 1963-66
  • The Baath Redirections of 1966 and 1970
  • THE ASSAD ERA
  • Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
  • Land, Water, and Climate
  • Population
  • Density, Distribution, and Settlement
  • Vital Statistics
  • THE PEOPLES
  • Arabs
  • Kurds
  • Armenians
  • Others
  • STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
  • Towns
  • Villages
  • Tribes
  • THE INDIVIDUAL, THE FAMILY, AND THE SEXES
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
  • Islam
  • Sunnis
  • Shia
  • Ismailis
  • Alawis
  • Druzes
  • Christianity
  • OTHER MINORITIES
  • Yazidis
  • EDUCATION
  • HEALTH
  • Chapter 3. The Economy
  • GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
  • LABOR FORCE
  • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
  • Budget
  • Revenues
  • Expenditures
  • Development Planning
  • AGRICULTURE
  • Water Resources
  • Land Use
  • Land Reform
  • Role of Government in Agriculture
  • Cropping and Production
  • Animal Products
  • Agricultural Potential
  • INDUSTRY
  • Energy and Natural Resources
  • Electric Power
  • Industrial Development Policy
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • Imports
  • Exports
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
  • BANKING AND MONETARY POLICY
  • TRANSPORTATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND CONSTRUCTION
  • PERIOD OF ECONOMIC RETRENCHMENT, 1986-90
  • Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
  • GOVERNMENT
  • The People's Council
  • The Judiciary
  • Local Administration
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
  • Background
  • The Baath Party Apparatus
  • The Syrian Communist Party
  • The Power Elite
  • Post-1982 Political Developments
  • POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS
  • Concepts of Nationalism, Unity, and the Arab Nation
  • Attitudes Toward Foreign Ideologies and Systems
  • FOREIGN POLICY
  • Israel
  • Lebanon
  • Jordan
  • The Palestinians
  • Iran and Iraq
  • Syrian-United States Relations
  • Syrian-Soviet Relations
  • Chapter 5. National Security
  • NATIONAL SECURITY DOCTRINE AND CONCERNS
  • SYRIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT
  • Development of the Syrian Military
  • Syrian-Israeli Hostility
  • Syria and the Lebanese Crisis, 1975-87
  • Syrian-Iraqi Hostility
  • Syrian-Palestinian Tensions
  • Syrian-Jordanian Tensions
  • Syrian-Turkish Tensions
  • ANTI-REGIME OPPOSITION MOVEMENTS
  • Ethnic and Religious Opposition Movements
  • THE REGULAR ARMED FORCES
  • Size, Equipment, Command Structure and Organization
  • Army
  • Navy
  • Air Force
  • Manpower, Recruitment, and Conscription
  • Military Training
  • Conditions of Service, Morale, and Military Justice
  • Uniforms and Rank Insignia
  • Foreign Influences in the Development of the Armed Forces
  • Special and Irregular Armed Forces
  • Republican Guard
  • SPONSORSHIP OF TERRORISM
  • THE ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY
  • CIVIL POLICE AND INTERNAL SECURITY APPARATUS
  • CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

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